Modeling Initial Participation of Diverse Communities in Competitive Swimming (2018)
This research note introduces the Initial Participation Model, which theorizes continued participation in a activity or group before individuals make commitment is a function of: enjoyment, feeling of inclusion, and/or involvement opportunities. The specific focus of this research is investigating how deficiency in enjoyment, feeling of inclusion, and involvement opportunities may discourage continuing participation in competitive swimming by underrepresented populations such as African American, Black, Hispanic, Latino, Native American, Pacific Islander and low-socioeconomic communities. Details explain how initial participation differs from other sport stages by emphasizing participation; relating to program instead of sport; and resetting each time an individual joins a new activity or group. Two examples are offered illustrating how the model may be used for identifying points of intervention that stimulate continued initial participation. Also included are specific factors constructing the model and future testing plans for validation.
Note: this particular article has developed the theoretical framework called the Initial Participation Model; however, there has been no experiment to prove the framework as of the date of publication.
Decision-related action orientation predicts police officers' shooting performance under pressure (2016)
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: We aimed to test whether police officers’
trait self-control strength decreases negative effects of high pressure
(HP) on state anxiety, shooting behavior, and shooting performance.
Design and Methods: Forty-two officers performed a shooting test
under both high and low-pressure (LP) conditions. Self-control strength
was assessed with the decision-related action orientation (AOD) scale of
the Action Control Scale (ACS-90). Effects of AOD on perceived anxiety,
heart rate, shooting time, and shot accuracy were estimated and
controlled for those of other individual difference measures (i.e. age,
police working experience, trait anxiety, and threat-related action
orientation). Results: After controlling for baseline values in the LP
condition as well as the other individual difference measures, AOD
significantly predicted shot accuracy in the HP condition. Conclusions:
Results suggest that trait self-control strength in the form of AOD helps
officers cope with anxiety and maintain perceptual-motor performance
under HP.
The article experiment used the Attentional Control Theory as a model.
Should college athletes be allowed to be paid? A public opinion analysis (2021)
Traditionally, public opinions have largely opposed further compensation for U.S. college athletes, beyond the costs of going to school. This study uses new data from the National Sports and Society Survey (N = 3,993) to assess recent public opinions about allowing college athletes to be paid more than it costs them to go to school. The authors found that a majority of U.S. adults now support, rather than oppose, allowing college athletes to be paid. Also, the authors found that White adults are especially unlikely, and Black adults are especially likely, to support allowing payment. Furthermore, recognition of racial/ethnic discrimination is positively, and indicators of traditionalism are negatively, associated with support for allowing college athletes to be paid.
This article uses a conceptual framework based on Critical Race Theory (CRT).