APA Style & Grammar GuidelinesPA Style provides a foundation for effective scholarly communication because it helps writers present their ideas in a clear, concise, and inclusive manner. When style works best, ideas flow logically, sources are credited appropriately, and papers are organized predictably. People are described using language that affirms their worth and dignity. Authors plan for ethical compliance and report critical details of their research protocol to allow readers to evaluate findings and other researchers to potentially replicate the studies. Tables and figures present information in an engaging, readable manner.
The style and grammar guidelines pages present information about APA Style as described in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition
Common Reference Examples in APA Style 7th ed.More than 100 reference examples and their corresponding in-text citations are presented in the Publication Manual. Examples of the most common kinds of works that writers cite are provided on this page for your ease of use. Note that print and electronic works have the same foundation; look for the type of work (e.g., journal article, webpage) to determine the format to follow.
Tutorials & WebinarsThese tutorials and quick guides were adapted from Academic Writer®, APA’s tool for teaching and learning effective writing. Academic Writer is intended for use by instructors with their students in courses that require papers to be written in APA Style. For information on or questions about Academic Writer, please visit the APA Digital Learning website.
APA Style Scaffolded Reference Elements WorksheetThis worksheet will help you create complete APA Style reference list entries. For each reference element (author,
date, title, and source), basic information and representative examples are shown. Use this information to identify
the reference elements for your own work and enter them in the text box below each table.
APA Permissions PolicyAPA supports the dissemination of information to aid in the development of science and scholarly research. APA also values and respects its own intellectual property as well as the intellectual property of others. As a result, APA believes it is essential for publishers of scholarly and other proprietary material to develop an efficient and consistent system, based on mutual trust, for granting permissions for both electronic and print publication of proprietary works. Therefore, APA adopts the following guidelines for the use of APA copyrighted content.
