Citation Guide Quick Links (APA 7th, MLA 9th, CMOS 17th, and More)

According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2019, p. 307) 9.51 Annotated Bibliographies:

Format and order references in an annotated bibliography in alphabetical order, the same as you would order entries in a reference list (see Sections 9.43-9.44)

Each annotation should be a new paragraph below its reference entry. Indent the entire annotation 0.5 in. from the left margin, the same as you would a block quotation (see Section 8.27). Do not indent the first line of the annotation.

If the annotation spans multiple paragraphs, indent the first line of the second an any subsequent paragraphs an additional 0.5 in., the same as you would a block quotation with multiple paragraphs. 

Strategies for annotation:

• Summarize: Some annotations merely summarize the source. What are the main arguments? What is the point of this book or article? What topics are covered? If someone asked what this article/book is about, what would you say?
• Assess: After summarizing a source, it may be helpful to evaluate it. Is it a useful source? How does it compare with other sources in your bibliography? Is the information reliable? Is this source biased or objective? What is the goal of this source?
• Reflect: Once you've summarized and assessed a source, you need to ask how it fits into your research. Was this source helpful to you? How does it help you shape your argument? How can you use this source in your research project? Has it changed how you think about your topic?

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